Responsable du parcours de S8 Dynamique, Mutations & Crises
Activités
Modélisation turbulence des plasmas de fusion
Méthodes numériques pour la mécanique des fluides
Publications scientifiques au M2P2
2024
Frédéric Schwander, Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih. Global fluid simulations of edge plasma turbulence in tokamaks: a review. Computers and Fluids, 2024, 270, pp.106141. ⟨10.1016/j.compfluid.2023.106141⟩. ⟨hal-04352255⟩ Plus de détails...
With ITER, the largest tokamak ever built, and the growing number of fusion energy startups in the world, the need for numerical simulations has never been more crucial to progress towards the successful operation of fusion reactors. From fundamental plasma physics to engineering, a hierarchy of models exists from high-fidelity (gyro-)kinetic models in (5D) 6D to 0D fluid transport models. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art of 3D turbulence fluid simulations in edge tokamak configurations. The widely used drift-reduced Braginskii equations are introduced together with the dedicated boundary conditions modelling plasma wall interactions. If until recently most of the models were focused on electrostatic turbulence driven by interchange-like instabilities, in recent years models have incorporated electromagnetic effects allowing fluctuations of the magnetic field. Specific features of the edge plasma configurations, which make these equations specially challenging to resolve and stressful for the numerical methods, are detailed. In particular, the strong anisotropy of the flow as well as the complex geometric characteristics lead to the development of dedicated discretization schemes and meshing, which are implemented in state-of-the-art codes reviewed here. It appears that the latter can be differentiated by their mesh construction as well by the manner in which they handle parallel gradients (aligned or not along the magnetic field). The review shows that no consensus on the optimal combination between meshing and discretization schemes, if it exists, has been found. Finally, examples of recent achievements show that 3D turbulence simulations of medium-sized tokamaks are currently achievable, but that ITERsize tokamaks and thermonuclear plasmas still require significant progress.
Frédéric Schwander, Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih. Global fluid simulations of edge plasma turbulence in tokamaks: a review. Computers and Fluids, 2024, 270, pp.106141. ⟨10.1016/j.compfluid.2023.106141⟩. ⟨hal-04352255⟩
H Bufferand, J Balbin, S Baschetti, J Bucalossi, G Ciraolo, et al.. Implementation of multi-component Zhdanov closure in SOLEDGE3X. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2022, 64 (5), pp.055001. ⟨10.1088/1361-6587/ac4fac⟩. ⟨hal-03981783⟩ Plus de détails...
The multi-component fluid closure derived by Zhdanov (2002 Transport Processes in Multicomponent Plasma (London: Taylor and Francis)) is implemented in the fluid code SOLEDGE3X-EIRENE to deal with arbitrary edge plasma composition. The closure assumes no distinction between species such as light versus heavy species separation. The work of Zhdanov is rewritten in a matricial form in order to clearly link friction forces and heat fluxes to the different species velocities and temperature gradients.
H Bufferand, J Balbin, S Baschetti, J Bucalossi, G Ciraolo, et al.. Implementation of multi-component Zhdanov closure in SOLEDGE3X. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2022, 64 (5), pp.055001. ⟨10.1088/1361-6587/ac4fac⟩. ⟨hal-03981783⟩
Giacomo Piraccini, Marcello Capasso, Manuel Scotto d'Abusco, Giorgio Giorgiani, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Recent upgrades in a 2D turbulent transport solver based on a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method for the simulation of fusion plasma in tokamak. Fluids, 2022, ⟨10.3390/fluids7020063⟩. ⟨hal-03562497⟩ Plus de détails...
The simulation of fusion plasmas in realistic magnetic configurations and tokamak ge-1 ometries still requires the development of advanced numerical algorithms owing to the complexity 2 of the problem. In this context, we propose a Hybrid Discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) method to 3 solve 2D transport fluid equations in realistic magnetic and tokamak wall geometries. This high-4 order solver can handle magnetic equilibrium free structured and unstructured meshes allowing a 5 much more accurate discretization of the plasma facing components than current solvers based 6 on magnetic field aligned methods associated to finite-differences (volumes) discretization. In 7 addition, the method allows to handle realistic magnetic equilibrium, eventually non steady, a 8 critical point in the modelling of full discharges including ramp up and ramp down phases. In 9 this paper, we introduce the HDG algorithm with a special focus on recent developments related 10 to the treatment of the cross-field diffusive terms, and to an adaptive mesh refinement technique 11 improving the numerical efficiency and robustness of the scheme. The updated solver is verified 12 with a manufactured solution method, and numerical tests are provided to illustrate the new 13 capabilities of the code.
Giacomo Piraccini, Marcello Capasso, Manuel Scotto d'Abusco, Giorgio Giorgiani, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Recent upgrades in a 2D turbulent transport solver based on a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method for the simulation of fusion plasma in tokamak. Fluids, 2022, ⟨10.3390/fluids7020063⟩. ⟨hal-03562497⟩
H. Bufferand, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, G. Falchetto, A. Gallo, et al.. Progress in edge plasma turbulence modelling hierarchy of models from 2D transport application to 3D fluid simulations in realistic tokamak geometry. Nuclear Fusion, 2021, 61 (11), pp.116052. ⟨10.1088/1741-4326/ac2873⟩. ⟨hal-03377162⟩ Plus de détails...
This contribution presents the recent effort at CEA and French federation for Fusion to simulate edge plasma transport with the new code SOLEDGE3X. The latter can be used both as a 2D transport code or as a 3D turbulence code. It makes possible simulating edge plasma up to the first wall including the complex wall geometry. It also includes neutral recycling and impurity sputtering, seeding and transport. In order to improve turbulence description in transport simulation, a reduced model for turbulence intensity prediction has been derived and implemented, based on "kepsilon" like models from the neutral fluid community. Applications to a JET L-mode detached plasma and to a WEST plasma are used as illustration of the code abilities
H. Bufferand, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, G. Falchetto, A. Gallo, et al.. Progress in edge plasma turbulence modelling hierarchy of models from 2D transport application to 3D fluid simulations in realistic tokamak geometry. Nuclear Fusion, 2021, 61 (11), pp.116052. ⟨10.1088/1741-4326/ac2873⟩. ⟨hal-03377162⟩
G Giorgiani, H. Bufferand, F. Schwander, E. Serre, P. Tamain. A high-order non field-aligned approach for the discretization of strongly anistropic diffusion operators in magnetic fusion. Computer Physics Communications, 2020, 254, pp.107375. ⟨10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107375⟩. ⟨hal-02613709⟩ Plus de détails...
In this work we present a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the solution of extremely anisotropic diffusion problems arising in magnetized plasmas for fusion applications. Unstructured meshes, non-aligned with respect to the dominant diffusion direction, allow an unequalled flexibility in discretizing geometries of any shape, but may lead to spurious numerical diffusion. Curved triangles or quadrangles are used to discretize the poloidal plane of the machine, while a structured discretization is used in the toroidal direction. The proper design of the numerical fluxes guarantees the correct convergence order at any anisotropy level. Computations performed on well-designed 2D and 3D numerical tests show that non-aligned discretizations are able to provide spurious diffusion free solutions as long as high-order interpolations are used. Introducing an explicit measure of the numerical diffusion, a careful investigation is carried out showing an exponential increase of this latest with respect to the non-alignment of the mesh with the diffusion direction, as well as an exponential decrease with the polynomial degree of interpolation. A brief assessment of the method with respect to two finite-difference schemes using non-aligned discretization, but classically used in fusion modeling, is also presented.
G Giorgiani, H. Bufferand, F. Schwander, E. Serre, P. Tamain. A high-order non field-aligned approach for the discretization of strongly anistropic diffusion operators in magnetic fusion. Computer Physics Communications, 2020, 254, pp.107375. ⟨10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107375⟩. ⟨hal-02613709⟩
T. Cartier-Michaud, D. Galassi, Ph Ghendrih, P. Tamain, F. Schwander, et al.. A posteriori error estimate in fluid simulations of turbulent edge plasmas for magnetic fusion in tokamak using the data mining iPoPe method. Physics of Plasmas, 2020. ⟨hal-02613800⟩ Plus de détails...
Progressing towards more reliable numerical solutions in the simulation of plasma for magnetic confinement fusion has become a critical issue for the success of the ITER operation. This requires developing rigorous and efficient methods of verification of the numerical simulations in any relevant flow regimes of the operation. The paper introduces a new formulation of the PoPe 1 method, namely the independent Projection on Proper elements method (iPoPe) to quantify the numerical error by performing a data-driven identification of the mathematical model from the simulation outputs. Based on a statistical postprocessing of the outputs database, the method provides a measure of the error by estimating the distance between the (numerical) effective and (analytical) theoretical weights of each operator implemented in the mathematical model. The efficiency of the present method is illustrated on turbulent edge plasma simulations based on a drift-reduced Braginskii fluid model in realistic magnetic geometries. Results show the effective order of the numerical method in these multiscale flow regimes as well as the values of the plasma parameters which can be safely simulated with respect to a given discretization. In this sense, the method goes one step further than the Method of Manufactured Solution (MMS 2-4), recently introduced in fusion, and provides an efficient verification procedure of the numerical simulations in any regimes, including turbulent ones that could be generalized to other scientific domains.
T. Cartier-Michaud, D. Galassi, Ph Ghendrih, P. Tamain, F. Schwander, et al.. A posteriori error estimate in fluid simulations of turbulent edge plasmas for magnetic fusion in tokamak using the data mining iPoPe method. Physics of Plasmas, 2020. ⟨hal-02613800⟩
H. Bufferand, P. Tamain, S. Baschetti, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, et al.. Three-dimensional modelling of edge multi-component plasma taking into account realistic wall geometry. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 2019, 18, pp.82-86. ⟨10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.025⟩. ⟨hal-02176521⟩ Plus de détails...
H. Bufferand, P. Tamain, S. Baschetti, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, et al.. Three-dimensional modelling of edge multi-component plasma taking into account realistic wall geometry. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 2019, 18, pp.82-86. ⟨10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.025⟩. ⟨hal-02176521⟩
J. Soler, F. Schwander, G Giorgiani, J Liandrat, P Tamain, et al.. A new conservative finite-difference scheme for anisotropic elliptic problems in bounded domain A new conservative finite-difference scheme for anisotropic elliptic problems in bounded domain. Journal of Computational Physics, 2019, ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109093⟩. ⟨hal-02477007⟩ Plus de détails...
Highly anisotropic elliptic problems occur in many physical models that need to be solved numerically. A direction of dominant diffusion is thus introduced (called here parallel direction) along which the diffusion coefficient is several orders larger of magnitude than in the perpendicular one. In this case, finite-difference methods based on misaligned stencils are generally not designed to provide an optimal discretization, and may lead the perpendicular diffusion to be polluted by the numerical error in approximating the parallel diffusion. This paper proposes an original scheme using non-aligned Cartesian grids and interpolations aligned along a parallel diffusion direction. Here, this direction is assumed to be supported by a divergence-free vector field which never vanishesand it is supposed to be stationary in time. Based on the Support Operator Method (SOM), the self-adjointness property of the parallel diffusion operator is maintained on the discrete level. Compared with existing methods, the present formulation further guarantees the conservativity of the fluxes in both parallel and perpendicular directions. In addition, when the flow intercepts a boundary in the parallel direction, an accurate discretization of the boundary condition is presented that avoids the uncertainties of extrapolated far ghost points classicaly used and ensures a better accuracy of the solution. Numerical tests based on manufactured solutions show the method is able to provide accurate and stable numerical approximations in both periodic and bounded domains with a drastically reduced number of degrees of freedom with respect to non-aligned approaches.
J. Soler, F. Schwander, G Giorgiani, J Liandrat, P Tamain, et al.. A new conservative finite-difference scheme for anisotropic elliptic problems in bounded domain A new conservative finite-difference scheme for anisotropic elliptic problems in bounded domain. Journal of Computational Physics, 2019, ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2019.109093⟩. ⟨hal-02477007⟩
Giorgio Giorgiani, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. A hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method for tokamak edge plasma simulations in global realistic geometry. Journal of Computational Physics, 2018, 374, pp.515-532. ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2018.07.028⟩. ⟨hal-02114246⟩ Plus de détails...
Progressing toward more accurate and more efficient numerical codes forthe simulation of transport and turbulence in the edge plasma of tokamaks,we propose in this work a new hybrid discontinous Galerkin solver. Basedon 2D advection-diffusion conservation equations for the ion density and theparticle flux in the direction parallel to the magnetic field, the code simulatesplasma transport in the poloidal section of tokamaks, including the open fieldlines of the Scrape-off Layer (SOL) and the closed field lines of the core re-gion. The spatial discretization is based on a high-order hybrid DG schemeon unstructured meshes, which provides an arbitrary high-order accuracywhile reducing considerably the number of coupled degrees of freedom witha local condensation process. A discontinuity sensor is employed to identifycritical elements and regularize the solution with the introduction of artificialdiffusion. Based on a finite-element discretization, not constrained by a flux-aligned mesh, the code is able to describe plasma facing components of anycomplex shape using Bohm boundary conditions and to simulate the plasmain versatile magnetic equilibria, possibly extended up to the center. Nu-merical tests using a manufacturated solution show appropriate convergenceorders when varying independently the number of elements or the degree ofinterpolation. Validation is performed by benchmarking the code with thewell-referenced edge transport code SOLEDGE2D (Bufferandet al.2013,2015 [1, 2]) in the WEST geometry. Final numerical experiments show thecapacity of the code to deal with low-diffusion solutions.
Giorgio Giorgiani, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. A hybrid discontinuous Galerkin method for tokamak edge plasma simulations in global realistic geometry. Journal of Computational Physics, 2018, 374, pp.515-532. ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2018.07.028⟩. ⟨hal-02114246⟩
P. Tamain, C. Colin, L. Colas, C. Baudoin, G. Ciraolo, et al.. Numerical analysis of the impact of an RF sheath on the Scrape-Off Layer in 2D and 3D turbulence simulations. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 2017, 12, pp.1171 - 1177. ⟨10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-01702267⟩ Plus de détails...
Motivated by Radio Frequency (RF) heating studies, the response of the plasma of tokamaks to the presence of a locally polarized limiter is studied. In a first part, we use the TOKAM3X 3D global edge turbulence code to analyse the impact of such biasing in a realistic geometry. Key features of experimental observations are qualitatively recovered, especially the extension of a potential and density perturbation on long, but finite, distances along connected field lines. The perturbation is also found to extend in the transverse direction. Both observations demonstrate the influence of perpendicular current loops on the plasma confirming the need for an accurate description in reduced models. In a second part, we use the TOKAM2D slab turbulence code to determine the validity of using a transverse Ohm's law for this purpose. Results indicate that a local Ohm's law with a constant and uniform perpendicular resistivity appears at least as an oversimplified description of perpendicular charge transport in a turbulent Scrape-Off Layer.
P. Tamain, C. Colin, L. Colas, C. Baudoin, G. Ciraolo, et al.. Numerical analysis of the impact of an RF sheath on the Scrape-Off Layer in 2D and 3D turbulence simulations. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 2017, 12, pp.1171 - 1177. ⟨10.1016/j.nme.2016.12.022⟩. ⟨hal-01702267⟩
Alekseenko Elena, Bernard Roux. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration in Brackish Ecosystems Subject to Strong Winds and Coastal Jets. Oceanography & Fisheries Open access Journal, 2017, 2 (4), pp.555595. ⟨10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.02.555595⟩. ⟨hal-01813859⟩ Plus de détails...
The bottom shear stress (BSS) in a windy Mediterranean lagoon has been carefully investigated through numerical modelling. BSS maps have been obtained for the entire lagoon. The aim is to compare BSS with its critical value in the near shoreareas selected for SAV replanting which are subject to downwind coastal jets.
Alekseenko Elena, Bernard Roux. Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Restoration in Brackish Ecosystems Subject to Strong Winds and Coastal Jets. Oceanography & Fisheries Open access Journal, 2017, 2 (4), pp.555595. ⟨10.19080/OFOAJ.2017.02.555595⟩. ⟨hal-01813859⟩
Journal: Oceanography & Fisheries Open access Journal
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Clothilde Colin, Davide Galassi, et al.. The TOKAM3X code for edge turbulence fluid simulations of tokamak plasmas in versatile magnetic geometries. Journal of Computational Physics, 2016, 321, pp.606-623. ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2016.05.038⟩. ⟨hal-01461797⟩ Plus de détails...
The new code TOKAM3X simulates plasma turbulence in full torus geometry including the open field lines of the Scrape-off Layer (SOL) and the edge closed field lines region in the vicinity of the separatrix. Based on drift-reduced Braginskii equations, TOKAM3X is able to simulate both limited and diverted plasmas. Turbulence is flux driven by incoming particles from the core plasma and no scale separation between the equilibrium and the fluctuations is assumed so that interactions between large scale flows and turbulence are consistently treated. Based on a domain decomposition, specific numerical schemes are proposed using conservative finite-differences associated to a semi-implicit time advancement. The process computation is multi-threaded and based on MPI and OpenMP libraries. In this paper, fluid model equations are presented together with the proposed numerical methods. The code is verified using the manufactured solution technique and validated through documented simple experiments. Finally, first simulations of edge plasma turbulence in X-point geometry are also introduced in a JET geometry. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Clothilde Colin, Davide Galassi, et al.. The TOKAM3X code for edge turbulence fluid simulations of tokamak plasmas in versatile magnetic geometries. Journal of Computational Physics, 2016, 321, pp.606-623. ⟨10.1016/j.jcp.2016.05.038⟩. ⟨hal-01461797⟩
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, L. Carbajal, Yannick Marandet, C. Baudoin, et al.. Interplay between Plasma Turbulence and Particle Injection in 3D Global Simulations. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2016, 56 (6-8), pp.569-574. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201610063⟩. ⟨hal-01455242⟩ Plus de détails...
The impact of a 3D localized particle source on the edge plasma in 3D global turbulence simulations is investigated using the TOKAM3X fluid code. Results apply to advanced fueling methods such as Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI) or pellets injection. The fueling source is imposed as a volumetric particle source in the simulations so that the physics leading to the ionization of particles and its localization are not taken into account. As already observed in experiments, the localized particle source strongly perturbs both turbulence and the large scale organization of the edge plasma. The localized increase of the pressure generated by the source drives sonic parallel flows in the plasma, leading to a poloidal redistribution of the particles on the time scale of the source duration. However, the particle deposition also drives localized transverse pressure gradients which impacts the stability of the plasma with respect to interchange processes. The resulting radial transport occurs on a sufficiently fast time scale to compete with the parallel redistribution of particles, leading to immediate radial losses of a significant proportion of the injected particles. Low Field Side (LFS) and High Field Side (HFS) injections exhibit different dynamics due to their interaction with curvature. In particular, HFS particle deposition drives an inward flux leading to differences in the particle deposition efficiency (higher for HFS than LFS). These results demonstrate the importance of taking into account plasma transport in a self-consistent manner when investigating fueling methods. ((c) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, L. Carbajal, Yannick Marandet, C. Baudoin, et al.. Interplay between Plasma Turbulence and Particle Injection in 3D Global Simulations. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2016, 56 (6-8), pp.569-574. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201610063⟩. ⟨hal-01455242⟩
R. Futtersack, C. Colin, Patrick Tamain, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. First Principle Modelling of Interplay between Langmuir Probes and Plasma Turbulence. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2016, 56 (6-8), pp.575-580. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201610038⟩. ⟨hal-01455240⟩ Plus de détails...
The interplay between Langmuir probes (LP) and Scrape-Off-Layer plasma turbulence is numerically investigated with the TOKAM2D and TOKAM3X fluid codes. The LP is modelled by biasing a part of the target plates surface; we then study its impact on the turbulent transport 1) in presence of electron temperature fluctuations and 2) with a complete description of the parallel dynamics. We find that a biased probe can disturb local plasma parameters as well as turbulent transport in its vicinity, by polarizing the connected flux tube and thus driving a strong ExB vortex. Moreover, electron temperature fluctuations are found to account significantly those of floating potential, but with a limited impact on flux measurements depending on the probe's exact geometry. The 3D study of the problem shows the attenuation, but the persistency, of these perturbations induced by the presence of the LP. ((c) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
R. Futtersack, C. Colin, Patrick Tamain, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. First Principle Modelling of Interplay between Langmuir Probes and Plasma Turbulence. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2016, 56 (6-8), pp.575-580. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201610038⟩. ⟨hal-01455240⟩
Achim Guckenberger, Marcel P. Schrame, Paul G. Chen, Marc Leonetti, Stephan Gekle. On the bending algorithms for soft objects in flows. Computer Physics Communications, 2016, 207, pp.1-23. ⟨10.1016/j.cpc.2016.04.018⟩. ⟨hal-01314722⟩ Plus de détails...
One of the most challenging aspects in the accurate simulation of three-dimensional soft objects such as vesicles or biological cells is the computation of membrane bending forces. The origin of this difficulty stems from the need to numerically evaluate a fourth order derivative on the discretized surface geometry. Here we investigate six different algorithms to compute membrane bending forces, including regularly used methods as well as novel ones. All are based on the same physical model (due to Canham and Helfrich) and start from a surface discretization with flat triangles. At the same time, they differ substantially in their numerical approach. We start by comparing the numerically obtained mean curvature, the Laplace-Beltrami operator of the mean curvature and finally the surface force density to analytical results for the discocyte resting shape of a red blood cell. We find that none of the considered algorithms converges to zero error at all nodes and that for some algorithms the error even diverges. There is furthermore a pronounced influence of the mesh structure: Discretizations with more irregular triangles and node connectivity present serious difficulties for most investigated methods. To assess the behavior of the algorithms in a realistic physical application, we investigate the deformation of an initially spherical capsule in a linear shear flow at small Reynolds numbers. To exclude any influence of the flow solver, two conceptually very different solvers are employed: the Lattice-Boltzmann and the Boundary Integral Method. Despite the largely different quality of the bending algorithms when applied to the static red blood cell, we find that in the actual flow situation most algorithms give consistent results for both hydrodynamic solvers. Even so, a short review of earlier works reveals a wide scattering of reported results for, e.g., the Taylor deformation parameter. Besides the presented application to biofluidic systems, the investigated algorithms are also of high relevance to the computer graphics and numerical mathematics communities.
Achim Guckenberger, Marcel P. Schrame, Paul G. Chen, Marc Leonetti, Stephan Gekle. On the bending algorithms for soft objects in flows. Computer Physics Communications, 2016, 207, pp.1-23. ⟨10.1016/j.cpc.2016.04.018⟩. ⟨hal-01314722⟩
Clothilde Colin, Patrick Tamain, Frederic Schwander, Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, et al.. Impact of the plasma-wall contact position on edge turbulent transport and poloidal asymmetries in 3D global turbulence simulations. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 463, pp.654-658. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01225200⟩ Plus de détails...
A 3D global turbulence fluid code, TOKAM3X is used to investigate the effect of the limiter position on the edge plasma parallel flows and density profiles. Six configurations with different poloidal contact points in the machine are considered. For each one, asymmetric quasi-sonic parallel flows are found, owing to the ballooning of radial turbulent transport around the LFS mid-plane. In spite of the relative simplicity of the model used (isothermal, sheat-limited, no recycling), simulations exhibit trends in-line with experimental findings. Reversal of the flows is found when the limiter is moved from −30° under to 30° above the outboard mid-plane. The SOL width varies with the poloidal location and depends notably on the poloidal position of the limiter. Turbulence itself is shown to be impacted by the position of the limiter, radial transport appearing less ballooned with a LFS limiter than with a HFS.
Clothilde Colin, Patrick Tamain, Frederic Schwander, Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, et al.. Impact of the plasma-wall contact position on edge turbulent transport and poloidal asymmetries in 3D global turbulence simulations. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 463, pp.654-658. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2015.01.019⟩. ⟨hal-01225200⟩
R. Leybros, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Nicolas Fedorczak, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. Investigation of drift velocity effects on the EDGE and SOL transport. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 463, pp.489-492. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.079⟩. ⟨hal-01225211⟩ Plus de détails...
To understand the mechanisms behind poloidal asymmetries of the transport in the edge and SOL plasma, it is important to take into account drift velocity in the transport model. We investigate the effects of an imposed radial electric field on the plasma equilibrium in the transport code SOLEDGE2D. In the edge, we show an important modification of the flow pattern due to poloidal E × B drift velocity. The drift velocity generates asymmetry of the density through the Pfirsch–Schluter flows which creates an important parallel rotation through the viscous balance. In comparison to heat load imbalance studies in the SOL of divertor tokamak, a strong link between the amplitude of the radial electric field and the heat load imbalance in the SOL of limiter tokamak has been highlighted using different amplitude of the imposed radial electric field.
R. Leybros, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Nicolas Fedorczak, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. Investigation of drift velocity effects on the EDGE and SOL transport. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2015, 463, pp.489-492. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2014.10.079⟩. ⟨hal-01225211⟩
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Yannick Marandet, Jérome Bucalossi, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. Numerical modelling for divertor design of the WEST device with a focus on plasma–wall interactions. Nuclear Fusion, 2015, 55 (5), pp.053025. ⟨hal-01225195⟩ Plus de détails...
In the perspective of operating tungsten monoblocks in WEST, the ongoing major upgrade of the Tore Supra tokamak, a dedicated modelling effort has been carried out to simulate the interaction between the edge plasma and the tungsten wall. A new transport code, SolEdge2D–EIRENE, has been developed with the ability to simulate the plasma up to the first wall. This is especially important for steady state operation, where thermal loads on all the plasma facing components, even remote from the plasma, are of interest. Moreover, main chamber tungsten sources are thought to dominate the contamination of the plasma core. We present here in particular new developments aimed at improving the description of the interface between the plasma and the wall, namely a way to treat sheath physics in a more faithful way using the output of 1D particle in cell simulations. Moreover, different models for prompt redeposition have been implemented and are compared. The latter is shown to play an important role in the balance between divertor and main chamber sources.
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Yannick Marandet, Jérome Bucalossi, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. Numerical modelling for divertor design of the WEST device with a focus on plasma–wall interactions. Nuclear Fusion, 2015, 55 (5), pp.053025. ⟨hal-01225195⟩
H Guillard, M Bilanceri, C Colin, Philippe Ghendrih, G Giorgiani, et al.. Parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in edge plasma. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2014, Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop 2014, 561, pp.012009. ⟨10.1088/1742-6596/561/1/012009⟩. ⟨hal-01100365⟩ Plus de détails...
In the scrape-off layer (SOL) of tokamaks, the flow acceleration due to the presence of limiter or divertor plates rises the plasma velocity in a sonic regime. These high velocities imply the presence of a strong shear between the SOL and the core of the plasma that can possibly trigger some parallel shear flow instability. The existence of these instabilities, denoted as parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in some works [1, 2] have been investigated theoretically in [3] using a minimal model of electrostatic turbulence composed of a mass density and parallel velocity equations. This work showed that the edge plasma around limiters might indeed be unstable to this type of parallel shear flow instabilities. In this work, we perform 3D simulations of the same simple mathematical model to validate an original finite volume numerical method aimed to the numerical study of edge plasma. This method combines the use of triangular unstructured meshes in the poloidal section and structured meshes in the toroidal direction and is particularly suited to the representation of the real complex geometry of the vacuum chamber of a tokamak. The numerical results confirm that in agreement with the theoretical expectations as well as with other numerical methods, the sheared flows in the SOL are subject to parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. However, the growth rate of these instabilities is low and these computations require both a sufficient spatial resolution and a long simulation time. This makes the simulation of parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities a demanding benchmark.
H Guillard, M Bilanceri, C Colin, Philippe Ghendrih, G Giorgiani, et al.. Parallel Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in edge plasma. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2014, Joint Varenna-Lausanne International Workshop 2014, 561, pp.012009. ⟨10.1088/1742-6596/561/1/012009⟩. ⟨hal-01100365⟩
Alejandro Paredes, Eric Serre, Frédéric Schwander, Philippe Ghendrih, Patrick Tamain. Numerical fluid modelling of the plasma edge response to a 3D object and application to mach probe measurements. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.373-377. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410028⟩. ⟨hal-01050666⟩ Plus de détails...
The penalization method is used to model the interaction of 3D probe with an isothermal plasma. Density maps show that the region perturbed by the obstacle, is not restricted to its near neighbourhood, but can extend to the whole SOL. In the particular case of a probe, which is used to measure local plasma parameters, this impact can lead to violation of assumptions of locality of the perturbation usually used in determining Mach number from the imbalance in density on both sides of the probe.
Alejandro Paredes, Eric Serre, Frédéric Schwander, Philippe Ghendrih, Patrick Tamain. Numerical fluid modelling of the plasma edge response to a 3D object and application to mach probe measurements. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.373-377. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410028⟩. ⟨hal-01050666⟩
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Clothilde Colin, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. 3D properties of edge turbulent transport in full-torus simulations and their impact on poloidal asymmetries. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.555-559. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410017⟩. ⟨hal-01053290⟩ Plus de détails...
The 3D fluid turbulence code TOKAM3X is used to investigate the 3D properties of edge turbulent transport and their impact on poloidal asymmetries. Simulations are run in circular limited plasmas in a domain covering both closed and open flux surfaces. Turbulence characteristics exhibit large inhomogeneities both in the radial and poloidal directions reminiscent of experimental observations. The low field side mid-plane in particular is found to be locally more fluctuating and intermittent than the rest of the Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL). As a consequence of this asymmetry, radial turbulent transport, that represents 80 to 90% of the total radial flux, is strongly ballooned, with 75% of the flux flowing through LFS. The equilibrium of the edge plasma is impacted by this asymmetry through the existence of large amplitude asymmetric parallel flows as well as through the development of poloidally asymmetric radial decay lengths making it impossible to define a single SOL width.
Patrick Tamain, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Clothilde Colin, Philippe Ghendrih, et al.. 3D properties of edge turbulent transport in full-torus simulations and their impact on poloidal asymmetries. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.555-559. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410017⟩. ⟨hal-01053290⟩
Alejandro Paredes, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Frédéric Schwander, Eric Serre, et al.. A penalization technique to model plasma facing components in a tokamak with temperature variations. Journal of Computational Physics, 2014, 274, pp.283-298. ⟨hal-01087225⟩ Plus de détails...
To properly address turbulent transport in the edge plasma region of a tokamak, it is mandatory to describe the particle and heat outflow on wall components, using an accurate representation of the wall geometry. This is challenging for many plasma transport codes, which use a structured mesh with one coordinate aligned with magnetic surfaces. We propose here a penalization technique that allows modelingof particle and heat transport using such structured mesh, while also accounting for geometrically complex plasma-facing components. Solid obstacles are considered as particle and momentum sinks whereas ionic and electronic temperature gradients are imposed on both sides of the obstacles along the magnetic field direction using delta functions (Dirac). Solutions exhibit plasma velocities (M=1) and temperatures fluxes at the plasma–wall boundaries that match with boundary conditions usually implemented in fluid codes. Grid convergence and error estimates are found to be in agreement with theoretical results obtained for neutral fluid conservation equations. The capability of the penalization technique is illustrated by introducing the non-collisional plasma region expected by the kinetic theory in the immediate vicinity of the interface, that is impossible when considering fluid boundary conditions. Axisymmetric numerical simulations show the efficiency of the method to investigate the large-scale transport at the plasma edge including the separatrix and in realistic complex geometries while keeping a simple structured grid.
Alejandro Paredes, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Frédéric Schwander, Eric Serre, et al.. A penalization technique to model plasma facing components in a tokamak with temperature variations. Journal of Computational Physics, 2014, 274, pp.283-298. ⟨hal-01087225⟩
Clothilde Colin, Patrick Tamain, Philippe Ghendrih, Frederic Schwander, Eric Serre. Impact of a Langmuir probe on turbulence measurements in the Scrape-Off-Layer of tokamaks. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.543-548. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410087⟩. ⟨hal-01019696⟩ Plus de détails...
An issue for Langmuir probe measurements of SOL turbulence concerns the impact of the probe itself on plasma transport. The aim of this paper is to investigate this issue with a synthetic reconstruction of Langmuir probe measurements by inserting a synthetic probe into a 2D fluid SOL turbulence code. The effect of a biased probe is analysed as a function of its size. It is shown that the probe creates a transport barrier whose effect is non-local and affects the current's circulation in the plasma. The plasma density is depleted by the presence of the probe as well as the electrostatic potential. A strong impact on turbulence can also be observed. Such observations imply that the probed turbulence can differ significantly from the probe-free turbulence
Clothilde Colin, Patrick Tamain, Philippe Ghendrih, Frederic Schwander, Eric Serre. Impact of a Langmuir probe on turbulence measurements in the Scrape-Off-Layer of tokamaks. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2014, 54 (4-6), pp.543-548. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201410087⟩. ⟨hal-01019696⟩
Philippe Ghendrih, Thomas Auphan, B. Bensiali, Marco Bilanceri, K. Bodi, et al.. Divertor imbalance and divertor density regimes for ballooned cross-field turbulence. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.S368-S371. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.070⟩. ⟨hal-00920748⟩ Plus de détails...
The ballooned nature of cross-field transport is shown to govern the steady state divertor imbalance of the energy flux leading to a factor 10 between the low field side and high field energy flux. An even stronger ratio is found for the divertor temperatures. Conversely the particle flux is expected to be a factor 10 larger on the high field side than on the low field side. The transition to detachment, close to divertor thermal collapse, exhibits several constraints to maintain steady state solutions. These constraints, related in particular to a large drop of the divertor density upon detachment, are shown to strongly correlate the pressure and particle flux variation along the field line and consequently the various loss channels. This delicate balance between different mechanisms is a possible understanding of the difficulty reported in detached plasma operation and simulation.
Philippe Ghendrih, Thomas Auphan, B. Bensiali, Marco Bilanceri, K. Bodi, et al.. Divertor imbalance and divertor density regimes for ballooned cross-field turbulence. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.S368-S371. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.070⟩. ⟨hal-00920748⟩
Hugo Bufferand, B. Bensiali, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, P. Genesio, et al.. Near wall plasma simulation using penalization technique with the transport code Soledge2D-EIRENE. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.445-448. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.090⟩. ⟨hal-01101345⟩ Plus de détails...
In order to model plasma interaction with full complexity of the geometry of PFCs, an immersed method to impose boundary conditions has been implemented in the transport code SolEdge2D. This penalization technique has proven to properly recover Bohm boundary conditions, including supersonic solutions at the sheath entrance. The role of the ionization source has been taken into account by coupling SolEdge2D with the 3D kinetic neutral code Eirene. Density regimes are properly recovered and major differences between core located and divertor located ionization source regimes are emphasized. One also presents main chamber wall recycling regime simulations that can now be addressed with simulations of the entire edge plasma up to the wall.
Hugo Bufferand, B. Bensiali, J. Bucalossi, G. Ciraolo, P. Genesio, et al.. Near wall plasma simulation using penalization technique with the transport code Soledge2D-EIRENE. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.445-448. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.090⟩. ⟨hal-01101345⟩
A. Paredes, Hugo Bufferand, F. Schwander, G. Ciraolo, E. Serre, et al.. Penalization technique to model wall-component impact on heat and mass transport in the tokamak edge. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.625-628. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.131⟩. ⟨hal-01101342⟩ Plus de détails...
The original and computationally efficient volume penalization technique Ref. [1], proposed for an isothermal plasma to recover the Bohm boundary condition at the plasma–obstacle interface, is extended to model 3D obstacles. It is then generalized to handle electron and ion temperatures in a 1D model. Results in 3D simulations show that the geometry of secondary limiter has an influence on the density and particle flux profiles, breaking its toroidal symmetry and introducing profile gaps of magnitude of 20%. On the other hand, the generalization of the penalization scheme to the non-isothermal case demands to deal with new Neumann conditions on the heat fluxes. Those boundary conditions require the introduction of new mask functions to ensure that the Bohm boundary condition remains satisfied.
A. Paredes, Hugo Bufferand, F. Schwander, G. Ciraolo, E. Serre, et al.. Penalization technique to model wall-component impact on heat and mass transport in the tokamak edge. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2013, 438, pp.625-628. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.131⟩. ⟨hal-01101342⟩
Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, A. Paredes, Frédéric Schwander, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Numerical modeling of the impact of geometry and wall components on transport in the tokamak edge. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2012, 52 (5-6), pp.401-405. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201210023⟩. ⟨hal-00848473⟩ Plus de détails...
The SOLEDGE suite of codes has been specially designed to model the transition region from the hot core plasma to the first wall of tokamak, through the Last Closed Flux Surface (LCFS). It is designed to model electrostatic fluid turbulence for an isothermal plasma or for a plasma with temperature variations. Dedicated discretization algorithms have been implemented to handle equations for ion density, electron/ion temperatures and parallel momentum, both for the realistic cross-section of a diverted tokamak and for a three-dimensional cylindrical annulus. The efficient penalization method introduced in Ref. [5] has been implemented, allowing straightforward handling of solid obstacles by treating them as sink regions corresponding to strong plasma recombination in the solid state material. The SOLEDGE capability is exemplified here by simulating two equilibria: (i) a 3D cylindrical annulus and (ii) the cross-section of a diverted tokamak. In the annulus, the analysis of the impact of a secondary discrete limiter shows that the toroidal symmetry usually assumed for density and Mach profiles is broken. The density exhibits significant variations in the toroidal direction that extend over a large region of the scrape-off layer where magnetic field lines are connected to a secondary limiter. In the diverted geometry, computations show a transition from subsonic to supersonic flow in the vicinity of the X-point that is related to the location of particle sources and sinks between the edge connected region and the divertor region.
Eric Serre, Hugo Bufferand, A. Paredes, Frédéric Schwander, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Numerical modeling of the impact of geometry and wall components on transport in the tokamak edge. Contributions to Plasma Physics, 2012, 52 (5-6), pp.401-405. ⟨10.1002/ctpp.201210023⟩. ⟨hal-00848473⟩
B. Saoutic, N. Dumas, Rémi Dumont, A. Durocher, F. X. Duthoit, et al.. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2011, 51 (9, SI), ⟨10.1088/0029-5515/51/9/094014⟩. ⟨hal-01460107⟩ Plus de détails...
Tore Supra routinely addresses the physics and technology of very long-duration plasma discharges, thus bringing precious information on critical issues of long pulse operation of ITER. A new ITER relevant lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) launcher has allowed coupling to the plasma a power level of 2.7 MW for 78 s, corresponding to a power density close to the design value foreseen for an ITER LHCD system. In accordance with the expectations, long distance (10 cm) power coupling has been obtained. Successive stationary states of the plasma current pro le have been controlled in real-time featuring (i) control of sawteeth with varying plasma parameters, (ii) obtaining and sustaining a `hot core' plasma regime, (iii) recovery from a voluntarily triggered deleterious magnetohydrodynamic regime. The scrape-off layer (SOL) parameters and power deposition have been documented during L-mode ramp-up phase, a crucial point for ITER before the X-point formation. Disruption mitigation studies have been conducted with massive gas injection, evidencing the difference between He and Ar and the possible role of the q = 2 surface in limiting the gas penetration. ICRF assisted wall conditioning in the presence of magnetic eld has been investigated, culminating in the demonstration that this conditioning scheme allows one to recover normal operation after disruptions. The effect of the magnetic eld ripple on the intrinsic plasma rotation has been studied, showing the competition between turbulent transport processes and ripple toroidal friction. During dedicated dimensionless experiments, the effect of varying the collisionality on turbulence wavenumber spectra has been documented, giving new insight into the turbulence mechanism. Turbulence measurements have also allowed quantitatively comparing experimental results with predictions by 5D gyrokinetic codes: numerical results simultaneously match the magnitude of effective heat diffusivity, rms values of density uctuations and wavenumber spectra. A clear correlation between electron temperature gradient and impurity transport in the very core of the plasma has been observed, strongly suggesting the existence of a threshold above which transport is dominated by turbulent electron modes. Dynamics of edge turbulent uctuations has been studied by correlating data from fast imaging cameras and Langmuir probes, yielding a coherent picture of transport processes involved in the SOL.
B. Saoutic, N. Dumas, Rémi Dumont, A. Durocher, F. X. Duthoit, et al.. Contribution of Tore Supra in preparation of ITER. Nuclear Fusion, IOP Publishing, 2011, 51 (9, SI), ⟨10.1088/0029-5515/51/9/094014⟩. ⟨hal-01460107⟩
Guillaume Chiavassa, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Hervé Guillard, et al.. Parallel expansion of density bursts. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S613-S616. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.086⟩. ⟨hal-00848522⟩ Plus de détails...
Evidence of poloidally localized cross-field transport in experiments and theoretical analysis of turbulence transport governs the onset of parallel transport towards equilibrium. When cross-field transport appears in bursts, both for ELM relaxation events and microturbulence, the parallel transport of particles is shown to generate fronts that propagate with supersonic velocities. It is shown that after a short transient the density structure is no longer monotonic and that the two fronts (one co, the other counter the magnetic field) are independent. Furthermore, the time trace of the particle flux at a given location is characterized by a sharp rise followed by a longer time scale relaxation. Comparing the time delay and magnitude of the density burst at two locations allows to estimate the magnitude and the location of the generation of the front.
Guillaume Chiavassa, Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Hervé Guillard, et al.. Parallel expansion of density bursts. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S613-S616. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.086⟩. ⟨hal-00848522⟩
A. Paredes, Eric Serre, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Boundary conditions at the limiter surface obtained in the modelling of plasma wall interaction with a penalization technique. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S579-S583. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.247⟩. ⟨hal-00848532⟩ Plus de détails...
Isoardi et al. [1] recently proposed a penalization technique to model solid plasma facing components that treats a solid obstacle as a sink region corresponding to the strong plasma recombination in the solid state material. A major advantage of this approach is that it produces a system that can be solved in an obstacle free domain, thus allowing the use of powerful numerical algorithms. Such a technique implemented in a minimal transport model for ionic density and parallel momentum appeared to exhibit a Mach-1 transition at the boundary layer between the plasma presheath and the limiter region. In this paper, we reconsider this result by analysing the physics of detached plasmas that are governed both by strong recombination and plasma pressure decrease, as imposed by the penalization technique within the limiter region. The analysis provides a unique control parameter A=Γcsmi/ΠA=Γcsmi/Π (Γ being the parallel particles flux, cs the sound speed, mi the ionic mass and Π the total plasma pressure) that allows one to understand the results of the penalization technique for the Mach-1 transition.
A. Paredes, Eric Serre, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Boundary conditions at the limiter surface obtained in the modelling of plasma wall interaction with a penalization technique. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S579-S583. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.247⟩. ⟨hal-00848532⟩
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Applications of SOLEDGE-2D code to complex SOL configurations and analysis of Mach probe measurements. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S589-S592. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.037⟩. ⟨hal-00848483⟩ Plus de détails...
A series of experiments dedicated to the determination of the ballooning nature of the edge and SOL transport has been achieved on Tore Supra and , proposing a quantitative characterization of the radial flux that enters the SOL. The aim of this paper is to back up the interpretation of these probe flow measurements making use of SOLEDGE-2D code. In particular, this fluid code allows one to study density and parallel momentum transport in a 2D geometry including edge and SOL region. Moreover, thanks to an appropriate numerical technique recently proposed and , SOLEDGE-2D code is also able to deal with a complex geometry of plasma facing components including main and secondary limiters.
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Applications of SOLEDGE-2D code to complex SOL configurations and analysis of Mach probe measurements. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S589-S592. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.037⟩. ⟨hal-00848483⟩
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Applications of SOLEDGE-2D code to complex SOL configurations and analysis of Mach probe measurements. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S589-S592. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.037⟩. ⟨hal-00848483⟩ Plus de détails...
A series of experiments dedicated to the determination of the ballooning nature of the edge and SOL transport has been achieved on Tore Supra and , proposing a quantitative characterization of the radial flux that enters the SOL. The aim of this paper is to back up the interpretation of these probe flow measurements making use of SOLEDGE-2D code. In particular, this fluid code allows one to study density and parallel momentum transport in a 2D geometry including edge and SOL region. Moreover, thanks to an appropriate numerical technique recently proposed and , SOLEDGE-2D code is also able to deal with a complex geometry of plasma facing components including main and secondary limiters.
Hugo Bufferand, Guido Ciraolo, Livia Isoardi, Guillaume Chiavassa, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. Applications of SOLEDGE-2D code to complex SOL configurations and analysis of Mach probe measurements. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S589-S592. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.037⟩. ⟨hal-00848483⟩
Frédéric Schwander, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Livia Isoardi, et al.. Parallel shear flow instability in the tokamak edge. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S601-S604. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.073⟩. ⟨hal-00848536⟩ Plus de détails...
The transition between the core and scrape-off layer of a tokamak corresponds to a marked momentum shear layer, owing to sheath acceleration on limiters which drives near-sonic flows along the plasma magnetic field in the scrape-off layer, and a parallel shear flow instability can possibly be triggered. The possibility of this instability driven by the velocity gradient is investigated numerically, using a minimum model of particle and parallel momentum transport in the edge of a tokamak, in a computational domain modelling a limiter plasma with background turbulence modelled as an effective diffusion. It is found that unstable regions can exist in the vicinity of a limiter, in agreement with experimental findings, when momentum radial transport - and therefore coupling between SOL and core flows - is sufficiently weak. Instability is reinforced by core rotation, and is found to be maximum downstream of the limiter (with respect to the core plasma flow).
Frédéric Schwander, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, Philippe Ghendrih, Livia Isoardi, et al.. Parallel shear flow instability in the tokamak edge. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S601-S604. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.10.073⟩. ⟨hal-00848536⟩
Livia Isoardi, Hugo Bufferand, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. 2D modelling of electron and ion temperature in the plasma edge and SOL. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S574-S578. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.318⟩. ⟨hal-00848528⟩ Plus de détails...
We are interested here in modelling the electron and ion temperature fields, Te and Ti respectively, in order to understand the main trends that govern the ratio Ti/Te that is being better documented in the SOL with RFA probes and . The experimental evidence gathered from several devices indicates that this temperature ratio significantly exceeds unity in most data sets that have been analysed, including measurements in the SOL of limiter devices like Tore Supra. Several issues of interest have been addressed with this version of the SOLEDGE-2D code. First, we have analysed the width of the SOL heat channels to the wall components and compared these values to analytical expressions. The key control mechanism of the width of the SOL heat channel is given by a balance between the sheath boundary conditions and the transverse transport. More advanced simulations address the interplay between the edge and SOL plasma allowing one to recover regimes with Ti/Te > 1.
Livia Isoardi, Hugo Bufferand, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, Frédéric Schwander, et al.. 2D modelling of electron and ion temperature in the plasma edge and SOL. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2011, 415 (1), pp.S574-S578. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.12.318⟩. ⟨hal-00848528⟩
Philippe Ghendrih, K. Bodi, Hugo Bufferand, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Transition to supersonic flows in the edge plasma. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2011, 53 (5), pp.054019. ⟨10.1088/0741-3335/53/5/054019⟩. ⟨hal-00848545⟩ Plus de détails...
With a proper choice of a single dimensionless control parameter one describes the transition between subsonic and supersonic flows as a bifurcation. The bifurcation point is characterized by specific properties of the control parameter: the control parameter has a vanishing derivative in space and takes the maximum possible value equal to 1. This method is then applied to the sheath plasma with constant temperatures, allowing one to recover the Bohm boundary condition as well as the location of the point where the bifurcation takes place. This analysis is extended to fronts, rarefaction waves and divertor plasmas. Two cases are found, those where departure from quasineutrality is mandatory to generate a maximum in the variation of the control parameter (sheath and fronts) and those where the physics of the quasineutral plasma can generate such a maximum (rarefaction waves and supersonic flow in divertors). The conditions that are required to recover the Bohm condition, when modelling the wall using the penalization technique, are also addressed and generalized.
Philippe Ghendrih, K. Bodi, Hugo Bufferand, Guillaume Chiavassa, Guido Ciraolo, et al.. Transition to supersonic flows in the edge plasma. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2011, 53 (5), pp.054019. ⟨10.1088/0741-3335/53/5/054019⟩. ⟨hal-00848545⟩
Livia Isoardi, Guido Ciraolo, Guillaume Chiavassa, Pierre Haldenwang, Eric Serre, et al.. Modelling SOL flow pattern spreading in the edge plasma. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 390-391, pp.388-391. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.088⟩. ⟨hal-00848559⟩ Plus de détails...
The transition region between closed and open magnetic flux surfaces plays a crucial role for tokamak performances. Appropriate understanding of the edge region remains a major challenge owing to several open issues as momentum transport, turbulence overshoot or neutral penetration. We consider here a transport model system to investigate the propagation of parallel momentum from the SOL into the core plasma and vice-versa. The numerical results show that for small values of the radial diffusion coefficient, the density profile decays exponentially from the core to the SOL as predicted by 1D analytical solution. A spreading of the parallel momentum from the SOL to the core is observed, with the presence of non-zero velocities also in the regions far from the SOL. The effect of an imposed rotation of the core plasma is investigated as well as the dynamics of an overdensity imposed in the core plasma.
Livia Isoardi, Guido Ciraolo, Guillaume Chiavassa, Pierre Haldenwang, Eric Serre, et al.. Modelling SOL flow pattern spreading in the edge plasma. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 390-391, pp.388-391. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.088⟩. ⟨hal-00848559⟩
Livia Isoardi, Guido Ciraolo, Guillaume Chiavassa, Pierre Haldenwang, Eric Serre, et al.. Modelling SOL flow pattern spreading in the edge plasma. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 390-391, pp.388-391. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.088⟩. ⟨hal-00848559⟩ Plus de détails...
The transition region between closed and open magnetic flux surfaces plays a crucial role for tokamak performances. Appropriate understanding of the edge region remains a major challenge owing to several open issues as momentum transport, turbulence overshoot or neutral penetration. We consider here a transport model system to investigate the propagation of parallel momentum from the SOL into the core plasma and vice-versa. The numerical results show that for small values of the radial diffusion coefficient, the density profile decays exponentially from the core to the SOL as predicted by 1D analytical solution. A spreading of the parallel momentum from the SOL to the core is observed, with the presence of non-zero velocities also in the regions far from the SOL. The effect of an imposed rotation of the core plasma is investigated as well as the dynamics of an overdensity imposed in the core plasma.
Livia Isoardi, Guido Ciraolo, Guillaume Chiavassa, Pierre Haldenwang, Eric Serre, et al.. Modelling SOL flow pattern spreading in the edge plasma. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2009, 390-391, pp.388-391. ⟨10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.088⟩. ⟨hal-00848559⟩
Sofiane Meradji, Tp Lyubimova, Dv Lyubimov, B Roux. Numerical simulation of a liquid drop freely oscillating. Crystal Research and Technology, 2001, 36 (7), pp.729--744. ⟨hal-01291555⟩ Plus de détails...
Sofiane Meradji, Tp Lyubimova, Dv Lyubimov, B Roux. Numerical simulation of a liquid drop freely oscillating. Crystal Research and Technology, 2001, 36 (7), pp.729--744. ⟨hal-01291555⟩
