Approche intégrée du traitement et de la valorisation des eaux et des déchets
Les recherches de l’équipe Traitement des Eaux et Déchets (TED) sont
organisées autour d’une vision globale intégrée du traitement et de la
valorisation des eaux usées, des biomasses et des déchets.
Cette approche systémique s’appuie sur une démarche conjointe
expérimentation-modélisation-simulation des procédés, pour traiter,
réutiliser et valoriser des effluents urbains ou industriels et des
biomasses (production d’H2, de CH4, de chaleur ; production de
biocarburants et de molécules plateformes pour la chimie ; récupération
des nutriments, des métaux, etc.). Elle vise à contribuer aux grands
enjeux du 21ème siècle et plus particulièrement aux transitions
écologique et énergétique.
A cet effet, l’équipe développe des approches multi-échelles de
traitement et de valorisation des effluents et des biomasses. Aux
échelles moléculaire et cellulaire, l’équipe possède et développe des
compétences pour les caractérisations spécifiques comme la rhéologie et
la (bio)-calorimétrie. Cette dernière est appliquée à la fois à la
détermination de la chaleur liée au métabolisme cellulaire et aussi à la
calorimétrie haute pression (max 300°C, 60 MPa), l’originalité de
l’équipe porte sur le design de cellules calorimétriques spécifiques. A
l’échelle du réacteur, les études se focalisent sur le développement, le
dimensionnement et l’optimisation de procédés biologiques,
thermochimiques et physico-chimiques. La caractérisation des grandeurs
cinétiques et de transferts mène au développement de modèles dédiés. Ces
modèles sont utilisés au sein de méthodologies intégratives spécifiques
dès que deux ou plusieurs procédés sont couplés. Ces méthodes sont
développées pour déterminer le fonctionnement optimal du couplage et/ou
du site industriel accueillant ces procédés.
Les thématiques développées dans l’équipe TED s’articulent autour des trois axes suivants :
Axe Dépollution
dédié au dimensionnement de procédés de traitement des eaux et des
déchets ainsi qu’à la compréhension des mécanismes de transfert et
processus réactionnels mis en jeu.
Sous-axes : bioréacteurs, filtres réactifs, oxydation en voie humide, rhéologie, calorimétrie, etc.
Axe Valorisation
dans lequel les études sont consacrées à l’optimisation des processus et
procédés pour la valorisation matière et/ou énergie des effluents et
des déchets
Sous-axes : bioH2 et vecteurs énergétiques à partir de
biomasse, gazéification, procédés de liquéfaction hydrothermale,
récupération de nutriments, etc.
Axe Intégration
focalisé sur l’étude du couplage des procédés développés dans l’équipe
associée à une démarche d’optimisation des flux par des méthodes ad hoc.
Sous-axes : couplage de procédés, optimisation énergétique, simulation de filières, etc.
- Spectromètre UV et IR équipé avec une cellule gaz pour mesure on-line continu et ATR
- Micro-chromatographe gaz
- Pilote de Gazéification semi Batch (10 gr) (études de faisabilité)
- Banc de caractérisation de la pollution des eaux (DCO, DBO5, MES, MVS, PO43+, NH4+, NO3- …)
- Calorimètre de réaction (1 L)
- Réacteurs hydrothermaux hautes pression et température, batch (200 mL 350°C, 40MPa) et continus (6 L/h, 500°C, 30MPa)
- Pompes haute pression
- Bioréacteurs
Partenaires académiques et industriels
Collaborations Internationales avec
Kumamoto University (Japon) / EAN Bogotá (Colombie) / La Sapienza Rome (Italie) / Politecnico di Torino (Italie) / LBGEL-ENIS Sfax (Tunisie)
Collaborations Nationales
Industrielles :
ENGIE / A3i INOVERTIS / Société du Canal de Provence / Athéna Recherche & Innovation / Earthwake / CMA-CGM
Académiques - Institutionnelles :
Région PACA / Institut de Mécanique et Ingénierie (IMI) / FR Fabri de Peiresc / FR ECCOREV / BIP Marseille / BBF Marseille / CEREGE Aix-en-Provence / INERIS Aix-en-Provence / DEEP-INSA Lyon / LRGP Nancy / LGC Toulouse / Hôpitaux de Marseille
Dernières publications de l'équipe
2023
Emilie Gout, Fatimatou Toure Lo, Mathias Monnot, Olivier Boutin, Pierre Vanloot, et al.. Coupling membrane processes with wet air oxidation for the remediation of industrial effluents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 472, pp.144937. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2023.144937⟩. ⟨hal-04202142⟩ Plus de détails...
Emilie Gout, Fatimatou Toure Lo, Mathias Monnot, Olivier Boutin, Pierre Vanloot, et al.. Coupling membrane processes with wet air oxidation for the remediation of industrial effluents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 472, pp.144937. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2023.144937⟩. ⟨hal-04202142⟩
Tetyana Kyrpel, Vita Saska, Anne de Poulpiquet, Mathieu Luglia, Audrey Soric, et al.. Hydrogenase-based electrode for hydrogen sensing in a fermentation bioreactor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 225, pp.115106. ⟨10.1016/j.bios.2023.115106⟩. ⟨hal-03963086⟩ Plus de détails...
The hydrogen-based economy will require not only sustainable hydrogen production but also sensitive and cheap hydrogen sensors. Commercially available H2 sensors are limited by either use of noble metals or elevated temperatures. In nature, hydrogenase enzymes present high affinity and selectivity for hydrogen, while being able to operate in mild conditions. This study aims at evaluating the performance of an electrochemical sensor based on carbon nanomaterials with immobilised hydrogenase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus for H2 detection. The effect of various parameters, including the surface chemistry, dispersion degree and amount of deposited carbon nanotubes, enzyme concentration, temperature and pH on the H2 oxidation are investigated. Although the highest catalytic response is obtained at a temperature around 60 °C, a noticeable current can be obtained at room temperature with a low amount of protein less than 1 µM. An original pulse-strategy to ensure H2 diffusion to the bioelectrode allows to reach H2 sensitivity of 4 µA cm-2 per % H2 and a linear range between 1-20 %. Sustainable hydrogen was then produced through dark fermentation performed by a synthetic bacterial consortium in an up-flow anaerobic packed-bed bioreactor. Thanks to the outstanding properties of the A. aeolicus hydrogenase, the biosensor was demonstrated to be quite insensitive to CO2 and H2S produced as the main co-products of the bioreactor. Finally, the bioelectrode was used for the in situ measurement of H2 produced in the bioreactor in steady-state.
Tetyana Kyrpel, Vita Saska, Anne de Poulpiquet, Mathieu Luglia, Audrey Soric, et al.. Hydrogenase-based electrode for hydrogen sensing in a fermentation bioreactor. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2023, 225, pp.115106. ⟨10.1016/j.bios.2023.115106⟩. ⟨hal-03963086⟩
Antonello Tangredi, Cristian Barca, Jean-Henry Ferrasse, Olivier Boutin. Effect of process parameters on phosphorus conversion pathways during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 463, pp.142342. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2023.142342⟩. ⟨hal-04303018⟩ Plus de détails...
Sewage sludge represents a renewable source of organic carbon and nutrients such as nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) that can be valorised through the recovery of energy carriers (e.g. biofuels) and fertilizers (N, K, and P precipitates). This review analyses>60 recent studies that have investigated P recovery potential from sewage sludge by hydrothermal processes. The effect of process parameters such as temperature, residence time, pressure, solid-to-liquid ratio, and addition of additives on P conversion pathways has been investigated by a critical discussion of the results published in the literature. Results show that temperature is the most influential parameter for P speciation and repartition: the increase in temperature appears to promote the increase in solid P recovery yield, the mineralization of organic P, and the conversion of non-apatitic P into apatitic P. The increase in reaction time has similar effects as temperature, but to a lesser extent. Solid P recovery yield and apatitic P fraction can be enhanced by increasing the medium alkalinity and by adding Ca-containing reactants. Non-apatitic P fraction can be increased by lower medium alkalinity, and by the addition of Fe-and Alcontaining reactants. The results of this review provide to researchers and practitioners in the field of sewage sludge management key elements for the best operation of hydrothermal reactors to improve the recovery of P and biofuels. Finally, some new research perspectives and technical challenges are proposed to improve the knowledge and the scaling up of the technology.
Antonello Tangredi, Cristian Barca, Jean-Henry Ferrasse, Olivier Boutin. Effect of process parameters on phosphorus conversion pathways during hydrothermal treatment of sewage sludge: A review. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2023, 463, pp.142342. ⟨10.1016/j.cej.2023.142342⟩. ⟨hal-04303018⟩
Shumet Sharew, Ludovic Montastruc, Abubeker Yimam, Stéphane Négny, Jean-Henry Ferrasse. Alternative Energy Potential and Conversion Efficiency of Biomass into Target Biofuels: A Case Study in Ethiopian Sugar Industry- Wonji-Shoa. Biomass, 2022, 2 (4), pp.279-298. ⟨10.3390/biomass2040019⟩. ⟨hal-03936793⟩ Plus de détails...
Global energy security relies on fossil-based resources that are affiliated with the source of global warming, apart from punches of political and economic instabilities. Biomass is a promising alternative carbonaceous feedstock used for the production of clean energy that could have the potential to substitute for fossil fuels. This study aims to present a conceptual design that considers the criteria to identify the upper theoretical limits of biomass conversion, thus providing the potential approach to the conversion of three biomass (by-products: dry molasses, dry bagasse, and dry filter cake) through gasification, in order to contribute the biomass carbon-capturing by the model assessment of stoichiometric mass conversion and energy efficiency indicators into simple thermodynamic energy vectors, such as alcohols, alkanes, and syngas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen). Modeling plays up the importance of stoichiometric efficiency of biomass conversion with the supply of oxygen and hydrogen. This realizes that the multi-product diversification of feedstock into syngas, hydrocarbons, and alcohol through integrated process schemes could have the potential to fill the energy gap and help to manage environmental load. In regard to biomass conversion results, the mass conversion and energy conversion efficiencies of dry bagasse have better conversion potential than molasses and F. cake (% mass conversion = 129 in syngas, 54.4 in alkane, and 43.4 in alcohol; % energy conversion = 94.3 in syngas and 93.3 in alkane and alcohol).
Shumet Sharew, Ludovic Montastruc, Abubeker Yimam, Stéphane Négny, Jean-Henry Ferrasse. Alternative Energy Potential and Conversion Efficiency of Biomass into Target Biofuels: A Case Study in Ethiopian Sugar Industry- Wonji-Shoa. Biomass, 2022, 2 (4), pp.279-298. ⟨10.3390/biomass2040019⟩. ⟨hal-03936793⟩
Cristian Barca, Matteo Magari, Hélène Miche, Pierre Hennebert. Effect of different wastewater composition on kinetics, capacities, and mechanisms of phosphorus sorption by carbonated bauxite residue. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10 (6), pp.108922. ⟨10.1016/j.jece.2022.108922⟩. ⟨hal-03884024⟩ Plus de détails...
This study aims at evaluating the effect of different wastewater composition on kinetics, capacities, and mechanisms of P sorption by carbonated bauxite residues (CBR). A series of batch experiments was performed to investigate P sorption behaviors from solutions prepared with different aqueous matrices (deionized water, tap water, and real wastewater) and different initial P concentrations (from 10 to 200 mg P/L). Also, a series of sequential P extractions was performed to investigate P fractionation of CBR before and after its use in P sorption experiments, and hence to elucidate the main P removal mechanisms. The results indicate that initial P concentration is the most influential parameter controlling kinetics, capacities, and mechanisms of P removal in batch experiments. Kinetic constant of P sorption increases exponentially with decreasing initial P concentration below 100 mg P/L, thus indicating a faster achievement of P sorption equilibrium. Equilibrium P sorption capacities increase linearly from about 0.2 to about 3.9 mg P/g CBR with increasing initial P concentration from 10 to 200 mg P/L, thus indicating that P saturation of CBR was not reached. Ca phosphate precipitation is the main P removal mechanism at higher initial P concentrations (> 10 mg P/L), whereas phosphate adsorption on CBR surface becomes more relevant over the total amount of P removed at lower initial P concentrations. Overall, the findings of this study allow to evaluate kinetic constants, sorption capacities, and removal mechanisms under different operating scenarios, thus providing crucial information for the design and operation of P treatment units.
Cristian Barca, Matteo Magari, Hélène Miche, Pierre Hennebert. Effect of different wastewater composition on kinetics, capacities, and mechanisms of phosphorus sorption by carbonated bauxite residue. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2022, 10 (6), pp.108922. ⟨10.1016/j.jece.2022.108922⟩. ⟨hal-03884024⟩
Journal: Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
28 novembre
- Sustainable biorefinery schemes for the recovery of energy, material and nutrient of residual biomass / Soutenance de thèse Monica AMADO
Doctorant : Monica AMADO
Date : lundi 28 novembre à 9h30 dans La salle 205 du CEREGE / Arbois
Abstract : Agricultural activities are a constant source of residual biomass that does not usually have an added value during harvesting activities or throughout the raw material transformation industry, impacting the environmental surroundings where these activities take place. The residual biomass coming from the livestock sector (manure) and the agricultural sector (transient and permanent crops) has a high pollutant load related to biodegradable organic matter.
The problem of the project focuses on Colombian economic changes that have encouraged the use of biofuels as an alternative to reduce dependence on the fossil fuel industry. By presenting the biological processes of anaerobic co-digestion (AD) or dark fermentation (DF) as an alternative for the waste valorization of three relevant agricultural waste from the Colombian (coffee mucilage, cocoa mucilage and swine manure) due to its production increase and their high content of carbohydrates, proteins, and cellulose.
Bioprocesses are limited by efficient and optimal design. Therefore, the results present three biorefinery schemes modeled in Aspen Plus, for the recovery of products and by-product. Furthermore, through energy, by using Aspen Energy Analyzer and life cycle assessments (LCA - SimaPro), the project presents the sustainability and efficiency for the proposed schemes.
The project aims an advance in the subject given that the first works in the country have been conceptual approaches to develop the biorefinery concept.
Jury
Pierre BUFFIERE–Rapporteur-Professeur, INSA de Lyon, France
Ludovic MONTASTRUC–Rapporteur-Professeur, INP Toulouse, France
Paola ACEVEDO–Examinatrice-Maître de conférences, Université Coopérative de Colombie, Colombie
Ivan CABEZA–Examinateur-Professeur, Université La Salle, Colombie
Hélène CARRERE–Présidente de jury-Directrice de recherche INRAE, France
Jean-Henry FERRASSE-Directeur·de these-Professeur, Aix-Marseille Université, France
Cristian BARCA-Co-directeur·de these-Maître de conférences, Aix-Marseille Université, France
15 Décembre 2021
- Study of the energy potential for a water supply network / Soutenance de thèse Gautier HYPOLITE
Doctorant : Gautier HYPOLITE
Date de soutenance : mercredi 15 Décembre 2021 à 14:00 (Amphithéâtre du CEREGE / Technopôle de l'Arbois-Méditerranée, BP80, 13545 Aix-en-Provence)
Abstract : In order to reduce fossil fuels consumption for heating and cooling, different heat sources can be considered. Given theamount of water they carry, water supply systems can play this role and appear to have a high thermal potential. To date, this source has not been used: the main problem is to optimize the sizing of the equipment according to the temporal variability of water flow, water temperature, and the heat (or cold) demand. A first task is to evaluate the available thermal energy. For this purpose, a model based on a minimum number of measurements has been developed. It allows to determine the annual evolution of the temperature and the flow at each point of the network. Temporal variations of water demand and soil surface temperature are taken into account. The ground surface temperature is obtained by satellite measurements. Water flow, soil temperature and water temperature measurements in the network are performed to validate the models and the soil thermal properties. A simulation of the water system hydraulic and thermal behavior is performed for the year 2018 and compared to these measurements. The impact on the water temperature of adding several heat exchanges to the network is then evaluated with this model. In this study, the potential of a raw water system (composed of 5000 km of pipes, and transporting 200 million cubic meters of water per year in the south of France) is studied. As the temperature, the flow rate and heat demand are highly time dependent, a method has been developed to optimize the sizing and location of the exchange systems. This method is based on minimizing the entropy generation in the heat exchanger between the water pipes and the users. The dynamic behavior of a simple heat exchanger (concentric tube) between the network and the user is modeled (pressure profile and fluids and wall temperature calculation). The value of entropy generation due to temperature difference and pressure drop in the exchanger is obtained in transient operation, this value is used as an objective function for the optimization. The results based on the cooling of a data center show that the entropy gain is significant when the optimal size of the heat exchanger is chosen. The use of the raw water network connected to a reversible heat pump for heating and cooling a building has also been studied and results in a high gain compared to an air source heat pump.
Jury :
Directeur de these M. Jean-Henry FERRASSE Aix Marseille Université
Rapporteur M. Clausse MARC INSA LYON
Rapporteur M. Francois LANZETTA Unversité de Franche-Conté
Examinateur Mme Nathalie MAZET Université de Perpignan
CoDirecteur de these M. Olivier BOUTIN Aix Marseille Université
