We use linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations to investigate the coupling between centrifugal instabilities, solute transport and osmotic pressure in a Taylor–Couette configuration that models rotating dynamic filtration devices. The geometry consists of a Taylor–Couette cell with a superimposed radial throughflow of solvent across two semi-permeable cylinders. Both cylinders totally reject the solute, inducing the build-up of a concentration boundary layer. The solute retroacts on the velocity field via the osmotic pressure associated with the concentration differences across the semi-permeable cylinders. Our results show that the presence of osmotic pressure strongly alters the dynamics of the centrifugal instabilities and substantially reduces the critical conditions above which Taylor vortices are observed. It is also found that this enhancement of the hydrodynamic instabilities eventually plateaus as the osmotic pressure is further increased. We propose a mechanism to explain how osmosis and instabilities cooperate and develop an analytical criterion to bound the parameter range for which osmosis fosters the hydrodynamic instabilities.