The biomedical industry has made significant progress in recent years with the emergence of medical devices made from biocompatible polymers, improving implant performance, longevity, and patient safety. However, a major challenge for manufacturers remains the incompatibility of certain polymers with conventional processing techniques involving organic solvents or harsh operating conditions. Supercritical CO2 offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative that can be applied throughout the manufacturing cycle of medical devices, including cleaning, impregnation, foaming, and sterilization. It enables the recovery of a dry, residue-free final product while preserving the integrity and functionality of the material. This article provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the latest developments in the use of supercritical CO2 for the different stages of manufacturing and treatment of implantable medical devices. It evaluates scCO2- based process efficiency across various applications and emphasizes processing aspects such as operating modes, key parameters, and process conditions. The review discusses the potential for scale-up and industrial implementation, providing insights into the practical challenges, advantages, limitations, and prospects of scCO2 technology in processing implantable polymer-based medical devices, with a particular focus on chemical engineering aspects.